Chorus
Prepared multi-voice chorus, ensemble and vibrato over arbitrary channel bundles.
- Effect
- Since 0.2.0
- modulation
- thickening
- ensemble
- vibrato
Chorus thickens a sound by mixing it with slightly delayed, slowly moving copies of itself.
What it does#
Each channel passes through short delay lines whose delay time is modulated by a slow sine at Rate. The modulated copies are mixed with the dry signal at Mix. Chorus uses several taps per channel, Ensemble is a wider variant, and Vibrato outputs only the modulated signal so the pitch wavers without thickening. Spread offsets the modulation phase across every channel, including mono and odd-width bundles. Feedback sends some output back into the delay.
When to use it#
Use it on pads, guitars and synth leads that sound thin, or use Vibrato for a pitch wobble. For distinct echoes use Delay.
Ports#
| Port | Direction | Signal | Lanes |
|---|---|---|---|
audio | Input | Audio | Inferred from the cable |
audio | Output | Audio | Inferred from the cable |
Parameters#
| Parameter | Label | Range | Default | Unit | Scale | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rate | Rate | 0.05 to 5 | 0.8 | Hz | log | Modulation frequency. |
depth | Depth | 0 to 10 | 3 | ms | linear | Modulated delay excursion. |
delay | Delay | 1 to 30 | 15 | ms | linear | Center delay; reads stay at least one sample in the past. |
mix | Mix | 0 to 1 | 0.4 | linear | Dry/wet blend. Processing latency is aligned before blending. Shown when type is 0 or 1. | |
type | Type | 0 to 2 | 0 | linear | Selects the implemented algorithm. Choices are discrete and are not LFO targets. Choices: 0 Chorus, 1 Ensemble, 2 Vibrato. | |
voices | Voices | 1 to 8 | 3 | linear | Internal delay taps per channel, independent of the cable channel count. Shown when type is 0 or 1. | |
spread | Channel spread | 0 to 1 | 1 | linear | Phase distribution across every channel, including mono and odd-width bundles. | |
feedback | Feedback | -0.85 to 0.85 | 0 | linear | Signed feedback gain. Matrix rows must have an absolute gain sum of at most one. |
Rate (rate)#
The modulation frequency from 0.05 to 5 Hz.
Depth (depth)#
How far the delay time swings, from 0 to 10 ms. More depth gives more pitch movement.
Delay (delay)#
The center delay time, from 1 to 30 ms.
Mix (mix)#
Dry and wet blend. It is used by the Chorus and Ensemble types.
Type (type)#
Chorus, Ensemble or Vibrato. A discrete choice.
Voices (voices)#
The number of internal delay taps per channel (1 to 8), independent of the cable's channel count. Used by Chorus and Ensemble.
Channel spread (spread)#
How much the modulation phase is distributed across channels, from 0 to 1.
Feedback (feedback)#
A signed feedback gain, from -0.85 to 0.85.
Tips#
- Slow Rate and low Depth sound subtle; faster and deeper sounds more obviously wobbly.
- Use Spread at 1 on stereo sources for a wide image.
- Small amounts of Feedback add a flanger-like resonance.
See also#
Help patches
Each help patch is an ordinary Toy that teaches one idea. The diagram shows the Patch; the preview shows its Frame. Open it in TuneToys to play and edit it.
1. Thicken a single voice
beginner Teaches: rate, depth, delay, mix, type
A saw wave widened by chorus.
MIDI1 lane
Audio2ch
Fundamental pitch, capped below Nyquist; detune uses cents. Range: 20–20000 Hz. Default: 220 Hz. Logarithmic scale. Units: Hz.
Hz
Output gain. Range: 0–0.5 ×. Default: 0.12 ×. Linear scale. Units: linear gain.
×
Selects the implemented algorithm. Choices are discrete and are not LFO targets. Range: 0–7. Default: 0. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Cycle offset; Gate rising edges restart phase from this position. Range: 0–1 cycles. Default: 0 cycles. Linear scale. Units: cycles.
cycles
Pitch offset in cents. Range: -1200–1200 cents. Default: 0 cents. Linear scale. Units: cents.
cents
On or off. A rising edge retriggers; held on runs the oscillator or envelope. A control cable switches it at 0.5. Range: 0–1. Default: 1. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Semitones a full pitch bend on the MIDI input moves the note, up or down. Range: 0–48 st. Default: 2 st. Linear scale. Units: st.
st
Time constant of the slide from one MIDI note's pitch to the next; 0 jumps. Range: 0–2000 ms. Default: 0 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Audio2ch
Audio2ch
Modulation frequency. Range: 0.05–5 Hz. Default: 0.8 Hz. Logarithmic scale. Units: Hz.
Hz
Modulated delay excursion. Range: 0–10 ms. Default: 3 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Center delay; reads stay at least one sample in the past. Range: 1–30 ms. Default: 15 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Dry/wet blend. Processing latency is aligned before blending. Range: 0–1. Default: 0.4. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Selects the implemented algorithm. Choices are discrete and are not LFO targets. Range: 0–2. Default: 0. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Internal delay taps per channel, independent of the cable channel count. Range: 1–8. Default: 3. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Phase distribution across every channel, including mono and odd-width bundles. Range: 0–1. Default: 1. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Signed feedback gain. Matrix rows must have an absolute gain sum of at most one. Range: -0.85–0.85. Default: 0. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Audio2ch
Connections as text
- Oscillator audio output connected to Chorus audio input
- Chorus audio output connected to Patch outputs audio input
- A short delay is modulated slowly and mixed with the dry sound.
- Vibrato has no dry path, so it bends pitch instead of thickening.
2. Voices, spread and feedback
advanced Teaches: voices, spread, feedback
More taps, wider phase and regenerating feedback.
MIDI1 lane
Audio2ch
Fundamental pitch, capped below Nyquist; detune uses cents. Range: 20–20000 Hz. Default: 220 Hz. Logarithmic scale. Units: Hz.
Hz
Output gain. Range: 0–0.5 ×. Default: 0.12 ×. Linear scale. Units: linear gain.
×
Selects the implemented algorithm. Choices are discrete and are not LFO targets. Range: 0–7. Default: 0. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Cycle offset; Gate rising edges restart phase from this position. Range: 0–1 cycles. Default: 0 cycles. Linear scale. Units: cycles.
cycles
Pitch offset in cents. Range: -1200–1200 cents. Default: 0 cents. Linear scale. Units: cents.
cents
On or off. A rising edge retriggers; held on runs the oscillator or envelope. A control cable switches it at 0.5. Range: 0–1. Default: 1. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Semitones a full pitch bend on the MIDI input moves the note, up or down. Range: 0–48 st. Default: 2 st. Linear scale. Units: st.
st
Time constant of the slide from one MIDI note's pitch to the next; 0 jumps. Range: 0–2000 ms. Default: 0 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Audio2ch
Audio2ch
Modulation frequency. Range: 0.05–5 Hz. Default: 0.8 Hz. Logarithmic scale. Units: Hz.
Hz
Modulated delay excursion. Range: 0–10 ms. Default: 3 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Center delay; reads stay at least one sample in the past. Range: 1–30 ms. Default: 15 ms. Linear scale. Units: ms.
ms
Dry/wet blend. Processing latency is aligned before blending. Range: 0–1. Default: 0.4. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Selects the implemented algorithm. Choices are discrete and are not LFO targets. Range: 0–2. Default: 1. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Internal delay taps per channel, independent of the cable channel count. Range: 1–8. Default: 5. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Phase distribution across every channel, including mono and odd-width bundles. Range: 0–1. Default: 1. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Signed feedback gain. Matrix rows must have an absolute gain sum of at most one. Range: -0.85–0.85. Default: 0. Linear scale. Units: unitless.
Audio2ch
Connections as text
- Oscillator audio output connected to Chorus audio input
- Chorus audio output connected to Patch outputs audio input
- Voices adds delay taps per channel and does not depend on the cable width.
- Keep Feedback small: it is signed and can ring.
Related nodes
- Delay Tempo-aware, smoothly retimed echoes with colored, ducked and explicit multichannel feedback.
- Reverb An eight-line modulated feedback-delay network with room, hall and plate-like tunings.
- Oscillator Selected waveform kernels, continuous morphing, harmonic shapes and phase/gate control; an optional MIDI input plays notes in the Toy's tuning.